Country profile

Mexico

United Mexican States · North America

About Mexico

Mexico (officially United Mexican States) is a country in North America, with Mexico City as its capital. It is home to roughly 131.95 million people, giving a population density of about 67 people per square kilometre. The country covers 1,964,375 km² of land and shares land borders with 3 neighbouring countries. Its economy is valued at approximately $1.83T in nominal GDP (2025), and it records a Human Development Index of 0.789. The official currency is the Mexican peso (MXN), and the main language is Spanish.

How Mexico is governed

🏛 Federal presidential republic

Head of State

President

Head of state and government; single 6-year term (no re-election).

Head of Government

President

Leads the executive; commander of the armed forces.

Legislature

Congress of the Union

Bicameral — Chamber of Deputies — 500 seats; Senate — 128 seats

Who holds the power?

Mexico is a federal presidential republic. The President is both head of state and government, directly elected for a single six-year term (the sexenio) with an absolute ban on re-election — a legacy of revolution-era limits on personal power. A bicameral Congress and an independent judiciary check the executive across 32 federal entities.

Key indicators

Latest available data · World Bank & UNDP.

💹 Economy

👥 People

🌍 Quality of Life

Travel & practical

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Fun facts about Mexico

• Mexico is the 11th most populous country in the world, with about 131.95 million people.
• By land area it is the 13th-largest country in the world, covering 1,964,375 km².
• It has the world's 14th-largest economy by nominal GDP ($1.83T).
• Mexico shares land borders with 3 countries.
• It is classed by the UN as a country of high human development, with an HDI of 0.789.
• Mexico has a population density of about 67 people per square kilometre.

Compare Mexico

Neighbouring countries

More countries in Americas