Country profile

Indonesia

Republic of Indonesia · South-Eastern Asia

👥 Population

285,721,236

World Bank · 2025

🏛 Capital

Jakarta

🗺 Area

1,904,569 km²

among the world’s largest

💹 GDP (nominal)

$1.45T

World Bank · 2025

📈 HDI

0.728

UNDP · 2023

📍 Pop. density

150 /km²

💱 Currency

IDR

Indonesian rupiah

🗣 Languages

Indonesian

About Indonesia

Indonesia (officially Republic of Indonesia) is a country in South-Eastern Asia, with Jakarta as its capital. It is home to roughly 285.72 million people, giving a population density of about 150 people per square kilometre. The country covers 1,904,569 km² of land and shares land borders with 3 neighbouring countries. Its economy is valued at approximately $1.45T in nominal GDP (2025), and it records a Human Development Index of 0.728. The official currency is the Indonesian rupiah (IDR), and the main language is Indonesian.

How Indonesia is governed

🏛 Presidential republic

Head of State

President

Head of state and government; directly elected.

Head of Government

President

Leads the executive; commander of the armed forces.

Legislature

People's Consultative Assembly

Bicameral — House of Representatives (DPR); Regional Representative Council (DPD)

Who holds the power?

Indonesia is a presidential republic and the world's third-largest democracy. The President is both head of state and government, directly elected for up to two five-year terms. The People's Consultative Assembly comprises an elected House of Representatives and a regional chamber, and a Constitutional Court guards the reformed post-1998 democratic order.

Development profile (each axis 0–100%, higher is stronger)

Key indicators

Latest available data · World Bank & UNDP.

💹 Economy

GDP (PPP)

$4.66T

GDP/capita (PPP)

$16,448

GDP growth

5.1%

Inflation

1.9%

Unemployment

3.2%

👥 People

Life expectancy

71.3 yrs

Fertility rate

2.12

Pop. growth

0.8%

Urban population

59.4%

Infant mortality /1k

15.2

🌍 Quality of Life

Internet users

72.8%

Literacy rate

96.0%

Physicians /1k

0.52

Renewable energy

20.2%

Indonesia's GDP over time (nominal, US$)

Travel & practical

Capital

Jakarta

Currency

IDR

Dialing code

+62

Internet TLD

.id

🌐 Get a Indonesia eSIM 🏨 Where to stay in Indonesia

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Fun facts about Indonesia

Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago, with more than 17,000 islands.
It has the largest Muslim population of any country.
Sitting on the Pacific 'Ring of Fire', it has more active volcanoes than any other nation.
Indonesia is the 4th most populous country in the world, with about 285.72 million people.
By land area it is the 14th-largest country in the world, covering 1,904,569 km².
It has the world's 17th-largest economy by nominal GDP ($1.45T).
Indonesia shares land borders with 3 countries.

Compare Indonesia

Indonesia vs India

Neighbouring countries

Timor-Leste

Malaysia

Papua New Guinea

More countries in Asia