Country profile

Russia

Russian Federation · Eastern Europe

👥 Population

143,513,328

World Bank · 2025

🏛 Capital

Moscow

🗺 Area

17,098,242 km²

among the world’s largest

💹 GDP (nominal)

$2.56T

World Bank · 2025

📈 HDI

0.832

UNDP · 2023

📍 Pop. density

8 /km²

💱 Currency

RUB

Russian ruble

🗣 Languages

Russian

About Russia

Russia (officially Russian Federation) is a country in Eastern Europe, with Moscow as its capital. It is home to roughly 143.51 million people, giving a population density of about 8 people per square kilometre. The country covers 17,098,242 km² of land and shares land borders with 14 neighbouring countries. Its economy is valued at approximately $2.56T in nominal GDP (2025), and it records a Human Development Index of 0.832. The official currency is the Russian ruble (RUB), and the main language is Russian.

How Russia is governed

🏛 Federal semi-presidential republic (in practice highly centralised)

Head of State

President

Dominant executive; controls security, foreign & domestic policy.

Head of Government

Prime Minister

Manages the government and economy under the President.

Legislature

Federal Assembly

Bicameral — State Duma — lower house, 450 seats; Federation Council — upper house

Who holds the power?

On paper Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic, but in practice power is heavily concentrated in the presidency. The President controls the security services, the military and foreign policy, and dominates a Prime Minister who chiefly manages the economy. The State Duma and the courts exercise limited independent check on executive power. Constitutional changes in 2020 further strengthened and extended the presidency.

Development profile (each axis 0–100%, higher is stronger)

Key indicators

Latest available data · World Bank & UNDP.

💹 Economy

GDP (PPP)

$6.92T

GDP/capita (PPP)

$47,362

GDP growth

1.0%

Inflation

8.7%

Unemployment

2.1%

👥 People

Life expectancy

73.4 yrs

Fertility rate

1.42

Pop. growth

-0.1%

Urban population

75.3%

Infant mortality /1k

4.1

🌍 Quality of Life

Internet users

94.4%

Literacy rate

99.9%

Physicians /1k

5.11

Renewable energy

3.5%

Russia's GDP over time (nominal, US$)

Travel & practical

Capital

Moscow

Currency

RUB

Dialing code

+73

Internet TLD

.ru

🌐 Get a Russia eSIM 🏨 Where to stay in Russia

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Fun facts about Russia

Russia is the largest country in the world by land area, spanning 11 time zones.
It borders 14 countries — tied for the most of any nation.
Russia stretches across two continents, Europe and Asia.
Russia is the 9th most populous country in the world, with about 143.51 million people.
It is the most populous country in Europe.
It is the largest country in the world by land area, covering 17,098,242 km².
It has the world's 8th-largest economy by nominal GDP ($2.56T).